Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term used to refer to a set of birth defects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure.

The term fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) was first coined in 1973 by Jones and Smith who described malformations and developmental issues affecting children who had prenatal exposure to alcohol. Many other terms have subsequently been used to describe the range of birth defects including fetal alcohol effect (FAE); alcohol related neuro-developmental disorder (ARND) and others. FASD encompasses these terms and all the others used to describe the effects of alcohol while pregnant.

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Characteristics

Individuals with FASD may face many challenges ranging in scope and severity depending upon the extent of the permanent brain injury caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol. Many children with FASD experience difficulties with abstract concepts, good judgment, behavior management, attention, and learning. Over their lifetime, individuals affected by FASD may also be challenged by secondary disabilities- problems with roots in their alcohol related brain injuries. Secondary disabilities can include trouble with the law, mental health issues, and sexual inappropriateness to name a few.

The range of primary and secondary disabilities associated with FASD has obvious and profound implications for the planning and delivery of health and human services. Individuals with FASD will generally require support throughout his or her life. Secondary disabilities may also necessitate other services, including those associated with possible involvement with the justice system.

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